Plant Anatomy

                                                                PLANT   ANATOMY

Plant anatomy is the branch of science that deals with the study of internal structure of the plants. 

The tissue are made up of a group of cells. These cells of a tissue could be of one type like parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma or many types like xylem and phloem.

Types of tissue 

A. Meristematic tissue

B. Permanent tissue

MERISTEMATIC  TISSUE

 It is defined as group of cells that has continuous power of division. Meristematic tissue is also known as meristems. The term "meristem" derived from Greek word "meristos" which is "divsible". The meristematic tissue are classified by the following:

Classification of Meristem

Meristems based on Position

1. Apical Meristem: These are situated at the tips of the roots and the stem. Plants increase in height                                          due to division in this meristem.

2. Lateral Meristem: The activity of this types of meristem increase the diameter or thickness of the                                           plants.

3. Intercalary Meristem: It occurs in the leaves and internodes of many monocotyledons. The grass                                                stem elongates due to the activity of apical meristem.

PERMANENT  TISSUE

Permanent tissue are derivates meristematic cells which mature into specific types of cells. Permanent tissue is cells which lost the capacity of division.

It is divided into 3 groups:

1. Simple tissue

2. Complex tissue

Simple tissue: Tissue composed of only one type of cells are called simple permanent tissue. It includes                          Parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.

 Parenchyma: It is made of thin walled cells. young parenchymatous cells are loosly arranged and                                   tightly packed which may not show intercellural space. It is also found in vascular                                  tissue. 

Collenchyma: It is a mechanical tissue that consist of living cells. It contain chloroplast and carry out                              photosynthesis.

Sclerenchyma: It is made up of dead and lignified cells which provides supports to plants.

Complex tissue: Tissue which are composed of two or more types of cells and contributes to a                                        common function are called complex tissue. Xylem and phloem which together form                              the vascular bundle are complex tissue.

Xylem: It is a complex tissue composed of tracheids, vesels, xylem fibres and xylem parenchyma. The              function of xylem is to transport water and minerals from root to the leaves of the plants. It also               provides support to plants.

Phloem: The constituents cells of phloem are sieve tubes or sieve cells, companion cells, bast fibres                      and phloem parenchyma. Phloem is responsible for the collection or transport of organic food                synthesized by the plants.